The role of the housecarl was service to nobility. These included shamanic warriors and the Jomsvikings. While the influence of jarls and kings is indisputable, Viking society also included elite warriors who served in unique ways. They are described in detail in the next section. The last major categories of warriors influenced by the overall social structure were the housecarls and Jomsvikings. Karls were common soldiers who made up the majority of fighters. Jarls operated as warlords or generals in times of war. Jarls and karls participated in war but had different roles. James Ward (1851-1924), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons While this was true of raiders, it does not provide a complete picture of Viking society. Writers from Ireland and Britain depicted the Vikings as brutal and savage. Illustration of Vikings landing in Dublin. The influence of the hersir would diminish in the 10th century as kings took control. Hersirs gathered able-bodied men of their particular region to fight. The hersir was a military commander who organized overseas raids. How would a farmer know when it was time to serve? Each region under the control of a jarl would also have a hersir. Farmers and blacksmiths would set aside their work when called to raid. Most Viking karls and jarls served as warriors when needed. Vikings simply did not need to have a complicated ranking system for warriors as was necessary in later centuries. Groups of Viking warriors usually numbered as many as 1,000, which by modern standards is very small. Viking armies were not organized using modern methods. The social distinction between kings, jarls, karls, and thralls extended in some ways to the military. en:User:Bogdangiusca, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Viking Social and Military Ranks A map showing the voyages of the Vikings around the European continent and as far as present-day Canada. While a general hierarchy still existed, people of all occupations and backgrounds had more of a voice within this alternate system. Vikings in these areas met to discuss issues and resolve conflicts. Interestingly, the social structure of far-flung territories like Iceland and Greenland had much more democratic social rules. It is important to note that the social class system described here is related to Vikings in Norway and surrounding areas. Kings controlled much larger territories and the jarls worked under kings to control regional lands. Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commonsīy the end of the Viking Age in the 10th and early 11th centuries, kings took over much of the power of the jarls. A Viking interpreter wears standard clothing. Most people were born into this class but others became thralls after losing assets. These slaves had no freedom and very limited mobility within the social hierarchy. The final and lowest class of people were the thralls. They worked as farmers, carpenters, blacksmiths, and fishermen. Karls made up the majority of Vikings society and lived under the rule of jarls. They held regional power and controlled petty kingdoms. The jarls were the highest ranking class for several centuries. During much of the Viking Age, society was divided into three main classes. Like other societies in the early medieval world, the Vikings lived in highly stratified culture. Nationalmuseet – The National Museum of Denmark from Denmark, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons ![]() Social Structure and Status in the Viking Age Examples of clothing, jewelry, and other valuables belonging to noble Vikings. While “Viking” is a modern name and not always preferred, we will continue using it in this article because of its familiarity with most readers. The article concludes with an overview of some elite Viking warrior groups. We examine the social structure of the Vikings and the influence it had on warriors. The goal of this article is to provide a brief but accurate picture of life as a Viking. The berserker is one such category of warrior that is oftentimes misunderstood. ![]() Myths surrounding specific types of Viking warriors also warp our understanding of how the Vikings participated in battle. ![]() Kennedy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons An illustration depicting the sea voyages of the Vikings. While it is true that the Vikings fought and raided areas in Europe, not all of their time was spent wreaking havoc. Historical documents from the Viking Age that tell of this fierce group were written not by the Vikings themselves, but by those who were often the victims of raids and violence.īecause of this, much of what we know about Viking warriors and military campaigns is skewed. The Vikings are commonly thought of as purely warriors and raiders.
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The third story is a personal reflection about the “mushing huskies” game that she taught her granddaughter, which readers can recreate during their family playtime, rain or shine. It also includes the true story of the author’s own Arctic "mushing" experience, which will undoubtedly change the way readers look at the wolf. įour Legged Heroes takes readers into a world of canine courage, endurance, bravery, and fortitude, telling the story of the 1925 Iditarod, Race of Mercy, in a unique way. However, Mary Virginia McCormick Pittman is bringing her first-hand scientific knowledge about the wolf to children and families with the goal of inspiring them to model these noble attributes of the animal as she releases Four Legged Heroes: The Mama Magina Books. Over the years, several narratives have been created about wolves. The wolf and other members of the canine family have been attributed with numerous characteristics. In a related development, the compilation of these three true fascinating stories about the wolf has caught the attention of Author’s Tranquility Press, a leading media and publicity agency that specializes in helping writers promote their works to the target audience. Mary Virginia McCormick Pittman recently released Four Legged Heroes, a book intended “for ages 4 to 104 years,” about the wolf and its unique DNA. ![]() ![]() Award-winning book author, Mary Virginia McCormick Pittman, releases the first of a series, “Four Legged Heroes: The Mama Magina Books” a compilation of 3 true stories about the animal magnetism of the wolf, amidst support from Author’s Tranquility Press ![]() "We're calling the application we're building Bluesky because it will be a portal to the world of possibility on top of the AT Protocol."ĭorsey shared last week on Twitter that Bluesky intends to be "a competitor to any company trying to own the underlying fundamentals for social media or the data of the people using it"īluesky was initially founded by Twitter in 2019 to help develop a similar decentralized concept for the social media giant. ![]() ![]() It was the original name for this project before it took shape, and continues to be the name of our company," the release stated. "The word 'Bluesky' evokes a wide-open space of possibility. The release explained that the new app will use an Authenticated Transfer Protocol (AT Protocol), which is a federated social network run by multiple sites instead of a single site. When it's ready, we'll move to the open beta," it added, sharing a link to sign up for the beta test's waitlist. "As we beta test, we'll continue to iterate on the protocol specs and share details about how it works. "It requires coordination from many parties once a network is deployed, so we're going to start in private beta to iron out issues. Distributed protocol development is a tricky process," the company shared in a news release last Tuesday. Have you switched to any of these recently? Do you plan on leaving Twitter, or are you in it until the end? Let us know to comments."The next step is to start testing the protocol. Instead, it’s structured in independent chat rooms where users can send messages and communicate via voice or video calls – most comparable to Slack. Unlike any of the networks listed above, Discord has no public feed or chat. What started as a way for gamers to communicate while playing video games, Discord has grown into a prominent social media site with over 150 million active monthly users. Still, much like Twitter, it offers a lot of social-friendly features like a news feed and the ability for users to follow one another and share post updates, photos, videos, polls, etc. LinkedIn is mostly known as the business professional’s networking site. But ultimately, different types of social networks could also serve as good alternatives. This list consists of sites I believe are the best Twitter alternatives and have the ability to gobble up flocking users. Of course, these are just a few of the seemly endless amounts of social media platforms out there today. Users can circumnavigate it and accumulate additional features by subscribing for $4.99 a month or $39.99 a year. Unlike previous sites on this list, Tumblr allows advertising on its platform. Users can also share other entries on their own page (similar to a retweet) or even to other services. Followers can discuss blog entries in the attached notes (a comment section). The Tumblr that exists today still holds true to its long-form blog-style content – unlike Twitter’s 280-character limit – with the ability to share media elements such as photos, videos, and GIFs. Tumblr has almost been around for as long as Twitter and to has seen its fair share of bad corporate decisions. Pro accounts are also available (for $5/month) with enhanced features, such as changing your profile status and setting posts to expire and “explode.”ĭespite some topics being underserved and complete dead zones, I think CounterSocial offers a good experience and should be a Twitter alternative high on your list. Free users can follow, like, reshare, and comment on posts and replies. Users can delete, rearrange, or create additional columns from hashtags, user lists, and topics. If you’ve ever used Tweetdeck, CounterSocial’s column UI will be all too familiar. Also, weirdly enough, it offers a VR space (which it calls Counter Realms). Right out of the gate, the CounterSocial boasts on its front page that it doesn’t allow trolls, fake news, ads, and even access entirely if you live in “origin points” for bots, such as Russia, Iran, China, and others. ![]() Most legends in the AG community ranked the R-99 at number 2, but it still received some 1st place votes given the incredible fire rate of the SMG. The R-99 reigned supreme for several seasons and is still a highly rated weapon in season 8. While max damage hits are rare, you’ll still be able to two-tap most enemies with one headshot and one body shot.ĭo yourself a favor and pick up the mastiff in season 8 of Apex Legends! R-99 However, if you have good crosshair placement and can use cover in between shots, you can do a max of 288 damage in a single headshot. If you miss more than one shot, you’ll likely end a fight against one of the other close-range weapons on this list. ![]() As with any weapon, you need to hit your shots in order to be effective, but this is especially the case for the mastiff since it has the slowest fire rate in the game. With a purple bolt on this shotgun, you can wipe entire squads yourself in just one clip of ammo!Īverage Gamers agree that legends should prioritize grabbing the mastiff in season 8. In season 8, the mastiff is an overwhelming favorite for dealing massive amounts of burst damage. Even with the reduced power, the Mastiff still tops the charts when it comes to close-range combat. The mastiff became floor loot in season 6, with plenty of nerfs to tone down the power of the devastating shotgun. Here are our picks for viable weapon combinations to help you climb the ranked ladder! Best Close-Range Weapons in Season 8 of Apex Legends Mastiff I surveyed the Average Gamer community to help determine the strongest weapon combos in season 8 of Apex Legends. The exception to this is if you have insane recoil control and can just run the R-99 at all ranges. For season 8, the meta has skewed toward having a close-range weapon and a mid- to long-range weapon in your kit. While it’s not always easy to say what the best gun in Apex Legends is, there are usually some contenders for the strongest weapons in a given meta. The gunplay has always been great, and the devs implement plenty of changes each season that affect the relative power of each weapon and overall gun meta. Apex Legends has always placed an emphasis on legend abilities and weapon usage to differentiate itself from other shooters. ![]() ![]() Aging is mostly the same as The Sims babies grow into children, but children don't grow any older. A Sim's spouse and children are NPCs (although the player can decide to marry two created Hero Sims). In addition to completing quests and doing their job, Hero Sims can also marry and raise a family. This system of levelling up is similar to the professions in Ambitions. Leveling up unlocks profession crafts or actions, imbuing the game with an RPG-style feel. After earning some experience points, the hero will level up. Some of the actions in the game, including completing quests, give the Hero Sim experience points. Doing so will raise their focus, their in-game mood, which has a major involvement in the way the Sim performs many interactions, as well as in the quest performance itself. How the Hero Sim is doing in the quest can be seen in the quest performance meter.īesides the quest and quest performance, players' Sims have various jobs, and each job has its own duties (called responsibilities) that they will be given to fulfill daily (two per day). However, it is also important to excel at the quest so better rewards are given. During quests other non-controlled Sims (even the Heroes created by the player) live in the kingdom, and will continue their life while the quest is going on, like in the story progression feature in The Sims 3.Ī player's main goal is to complete the quest by following the indicated quest-related actions. When the quest is completed, another quest must be selected and another choice of Hero Sim(s) must be made. With the quest and the Hero Sim(s) selected, the game unpauses and the player is able to control the chosen Hero Sim(s) during the quest. With the game stopped, the player has to choose a quest (quests are required to fulfill said kingdom ambition), and then choose which hero Sim they want to use.Ī player can create Hero Sims to control, each one having a profession ( monarch, knight, merchant, etc.). ![]() The major difference in the gameplay is that the game is quest-driven. Once an ambition has been completed, the play will unlock new ambitions for future playthroughs as well as unlocking freeplay for that specific kingdom. The storyline of the game is to build a successful kingdom by fulfilling the player's "Kingdom Ambition," which the player chooses at the start of the game. There's also a notable problem that The Sims Medieval patch 2.0 doesn't work on Windows 8. Like The Sims 3, The Sims Medieval (and perhaps The Sims Medieval: Pirates and Nobles) has known problems running on Lion. Like The Sims 3, The Sims Medieval does not support PowerPC Macs. Support for OS X 10.5.7 was removed, however OS X 10.5.8 is supported. Support for Windows XP SP2 and Windows XP Professional 圆4 Edition was removed in Medieval, although Windows XP SP3 is still supported. Medieval also uses 800 MB less hard drive space. though Medieval requires at least 256 MB of video RAM as opposed to 128 MB for The Sims 3. System Requirements for The Sims Medieval are generally the same as for The Sims 3. The Sims Medieval offers a new way for players to experience The Sims which we hope fans will enjoy, and it features gameplay that fans of strategy and role-playing games will find appealing such as controlling an entire kingdom and quest-based gameplay mechanics. The retail copies of the game are not compatible with Windows 8 as of Patch 2.0, due to switching from SecuROM to Sony Content Protection DRM, which does not work on Windows 8. However, it's still possible to get a DVD version through online retailers. Like other spin-offs, The Sims Medieval offers new features, such as armed combat and religion.ĮA has discontinued the DVD version of The Sims Medieval and only the digital release version remains on Origin making it Windows only, but the OS X version is now downloadable through Origin. However, there are notable differences The Sims Medieval is not simply The Sims 3 translated to a medieval setting. The game runs on The Sims 3 engine and is a spin-off similar to the way in which The Sims Stories games were a spin-off of The Sims 2. The Sims Medieval was released March 22, 2011. The Sims Medieval is a stand-alone game in The Sims series and it is the fifth game (excluding EPs/SPs and collections) released on Windows and Mac OS X. Over the five years since we started, we've delivered over 85,000 Smile Boxes - that's a lot of smiles! We like to think every smile counts, which is why we've made spreading smiles around NZ through our Smile Box gifts as easy and affordable as possible. After all, we like to think every smile counts! Why We Should Win The Peoples Choice Award With over 8,000 five-star reviews, it's obvious the senders of Smile Boxes are smiling too. 300+ NZ companies have used us for spreading smiles to employees, clients & customers, and we use products from 20+ local NZ brands in our Smile Box gift range. We've helped spread smiles for almost five years now, which includes 85,000+ Smile Box gifts sent around NZ and beyond. Every few months we donate the funds raised to a different NZ charity or charitable cause. With every Smile Box sent, we take a small portion of the proceeds and put it into our 'Raise a Smile' charitable fund. They can also choose to upload a photo which we'll then print out onto Instax photo paper and include with the Smile Box, making memories come alive! Senders can choose from 50+ card designs (something for any occasion) for their personalised message. The affordability of our gifts, from $19 with free NZ delivery, makes them accessible to most, enabling smiles to be sent no matter the occasion.Īs well as being affordable, we've enabled Smile Boxes to be highly personalised. More than just a gift, a Smile Box does what the name implies - it spreads smiles to those who receive them. Within weeks of launching, customers were raving about the concept and affordability of Smile Boxes. ![]() After an initial offering of just a handful of Smile Box gifts, Tom & Hannah knew they were onto something. Husband and wife duo Tom & Hannah started Smile Box in 2017 after they discovered there was little available (and affordable) to send someone for when it's the thought that counts. no contact phone number to speak to a person.We help spread smiles to people all over Aotearoa New Zealand, through our affordable and personalised range of Smile Box gifts.Quietly charges a persons credit card w/o permission and even if they sent a cancellation email.If it were not for us to shutdown our card due to someone in another state using our credit number for theft purposes, we wouldn't have found out that Smilebox charged us again until next year.LOOK closely at your statements.they are sneaky and should be out of business for bamboozling us and everyone else!! This is how I found out they were quietly charging me. The only way to stop them is to cancel your card. ![]() I, like Natasha, will broadcast the scam business of Smilebox quietly 'stealing'/charging our credit cards. Three emails later and Steve(from Smilebox) said, "NO, refunds". They STOLE $39.99 from me and now I'm battling them to get my money back. It wasn't until this past Sept 2014 that I received and email stating that, 'your membership has expired and please renew your credit card number.' I never gave them permission nor never knew I had full membership for 2013 to 2014. They never did!! I thought they cancelled and refunded my credit card full amount. I emailed them back stating it's too much money for the little use I do on Smilebox, so please cancel. ![]() I sent them an email to cancel a few months later b/c they sent me an email stating there will be an increase in charges. Smilebox charged my credit card $39.99 back in Sept 2013 w/o my permission. Smilebox charges credit cards w/o permission You can play around with a lot of highlights which produces an image. Another element that makes this app the best image generator app is the way that you can look into pictures on the net straightforward on this app. Additionally, you can likewise stack another image to make an image out of this. You can make images on Colloid with either a prior layout or even include any new format. You can either save memes locally or share it with any of the social media platforms.Īpp Download Link: Android 4. The app claims to provide more 5000 meme templates. You can add text, troll paces, emojis, and even apply various filters. ![]() The app comes with lots of memes that you can use to make your own meme. Instameme is another excellent meme generator app that you can try off with. The app contains ads, and there is no way to remove ads as well.Īpp Download Link: Android 3. The app is available free of cost, and there are no in-app purchases. The app has a clean UI and even allows you to put gifs in your meme. The app has a clean user Interface the hundreds of classic meme pictures for adding captions. The app allows you to access hundreds of classic memes for adding captions. The app only offers some of the basic text editing options. Now share the meme with your family and friends. You can select any of the available templates and add a caption. This app lets you quickly design memes without even putting in a lot of effort. Mematic is an exciting meme creator app that is available for both Android and iOS. There is also a huge set of stickers and colors and text settings so that you will be able to make a meme of any kind.Īpp Download Link: Android 2. Here you will find different meme categories, which include more than 800 examples tools that allow you to create new memes, using the pictures from your phone, then save them and share them with others. With this app, you will find the most exciting and funny memes and be able to share them with friends with the help of Instagram, Twitter Facebook, Whatsapp, Google+, Email, Messenger, and others. ![]() If you also have some cool meme idea and want to create your own meme, then you can try the below list of Best Meme Generator Apps for Android. This shows us how essential memes are for us now. Now just in posts, we also use the memes on social media messaging apps. We post or even reshare it on most of the social media platforms on a daily basis. Memes are everywhere all across the internet. If you haven’t received any app feedback, try the process again. In order to uninstall an app of your choice simply drag the icon/folder to Trash (or hit command + delete after selecting the app) and enter admin password. Uninstall applications on mac downloaded from the App StoreĪnother way to get rid of your apps recently downloaded from the App Store is the following: Open LaunchPad > click and hold any app until icons start jiggling > click the ‘x’ button in the top left corner. If you feel like this app is useless for you, drag and drop it into your Trash Bin. You can check what this folder contains, by right-clicking on the icon and selecting ‘Show Package Contents’. Mainly, all files from the downloaded app usually located within a folder in the main ‘Applications’ folder. You can download apps on your Mac from the Internet, however, most of them are coming in self-contained packages. How to Remove apps from Mac downloaded online How to Remove an Application from Your Mac 1. The great solution in case you don’t want to waste your time and clean Mac manually. It will scan and clean your system, memory or folders in a minute. That is why we can offer you to take a look at MacFly Pro. Let us be honest, you can spend days to find a good app and collect saved pages. MacFly Pro severely slows down the PC performance when it activates in the background. Some can actually do harm and install Malware, which is the best reason of all to ignore. This utility will clear up duplicates and corrupted cache files, free up your precious storage space, and uninstall unused apps, taking a minimum of your time. Mainly, you have to use some trusted cleaning software. I tried Macfly Pro and CleanMyMac, and they seem to be secure. Mac cleaning and optimizing freeware utility MacFly Pro helps to improve the performance of your computer, implementing multiple fixes and tweaks. To prevent such inconveniences, it is better to use the second method. MacFly Pro offers a lot of features that might seem useful: Delete files that are unnecessary (duplicates, logs, cache, temporary files, email attachments, etc.). However, you should also be able to easily uninstall MacFly Pro Malware yourself, and instructions to help you will be provided below this report. ![]() More likely, you might delete some important files or updates instead of real junk files. Some anti-virus programs will detect and remove MacFly Pro Malware, so using a security program is the easiest way. Remove duplicate files and permanently delete unwanted data. However, at some point, it can be tough, and you may face some serious issues. Improve your Macs performance - clean up hard drive, remove cache and more. The first one is the manual method, in which you have to go through all your system files and folders to remove the unnecessary ones. You may already know from the previous blogs that there are two possible methods how to remove different files from your Mac. ![]() The long quiff is a masculine look that displays a well-groomed, contemporary man. This hairstyle is perfect for guys who want a cleaner and more minimal look. ![]() The sides are given a sharp fade or an undercut, while the top is cut shorter at about 2 to 4 inches. The short quiff is a modern and casual version of the modern quiff haircuts. Add a little mousse and blow-dry the quiff to add more volume. Rub some wax or pomade onto your fingers and run it through your hair to tease the front part upwards and combine the rest back. To style the modern quiff, dry your hair with a towel, leaving it damp. The fade can be less to give a more relaxed feel. The sides and back need a sharper fade which gives you a modern and sharp look. The modern quiff is today’s version for a clean, classic look with a little personality. We have discussed the most known and followed quiff hairstyles ranging from the classic quiff to textured quiff to the best quiff haircuts. From its earliest versions to the current variations, the quiff is still one of the fantastic hairstyles famous in Hollywood celebrities and sports stars. The Quiff haircut is one of the classic, timeless looks. Different Types Of Modern Quiff Hairstyles Pompadours are tighter and have a slick appearance. The hair at the front of the head is slanted and often turned into a wavy style. The quiff focuses on vertical volume at the front of the head, while the pompadour can be smaller and looks less extreme.Īnother characteristic of the quiff is that it is somewhat messy in nature. The hair is swept backwards in both styles. The quiff looks similar to the pompadour as both of them are voluminous styles. This means that the longer hair on top contrasts with the short sides and back, making a considerable difference. Like any other volume-rich style like the disconnected undercut, the quiff look is a high contrast style. The actual difference is the top of the hair, which is styled upwards and combed backwards to get a textured, standing-out look. The quiff haircut is basically the undercut that is shorter sides and back and longer hair on top. Being so versatile and casual, many sports stars and Hollywood actors like Zac Efron, Chris Pine, David Beckham, Robert Downey Jr., and Leonardo DiCaprio have all sported this haircut. The modern quiff is the new variation of the quiff haircut, which suits almost every face type. It has transcended time and is still as cool and classy as ever. Like the pompadour and undercut, the modern quiff is also one such essential look for men who want a classy, rick hairstyle.įor decades the quiff has prevailed as one of the buzzing hairstyles. The modern quiff haircut offers a fashionable style that is versatile and stylish for most face shapes and many types of hair. The quiff hairstyle has become one of the most buzzing men’s haircuts for the last few years. ![]() Hydrocephalus is a buildup of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can be caused by a range of different factors ( 1). Keywords: Intracranial pressure (ICP) phase-contrast cine MRI (PC-MRI) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlation parameters These findings can be useful in assisting clinicians in predicting ICP more effectively, thus improving patient management. The ICP increased with the average velocity above 1.628 cm/s (P≤0.01), and the aqueduct diameter increased more than 3.6 mm (P<0.001).Ĭonclusions: This study found significant correlations between ICP and average velocity and aqueduct diameter. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was observed between the ICP and the average velocity of CSF, and the ICP and aqueduct diameter. Results: The mean ICP and CSF aqueduct diameter in hydrocephalus patients were 151.05 mmH 2O and 2.877 mm, respectively, and the maximum (6.938 cm/s) and mean (0.845 cm/s) CSF flow velocities were significantly higher in these patients compared with the controls (P0.05). In addition to recording patient’s age, heart rate, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI), ICP and CSF hemodynamic parameters, such as flow velocity and aqueduct diameter, were measured for correlation analysis. Methods: Fifteen normal people and 80 subjects with communicating hydrocephalus who underwent PC-MRI examinations from a single center were included in this cross-sectional study. Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconductīackground: To explore the correlation between intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters assessed by phase-contrast cine MRI (PC-MRI).Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process.Patients receiving premedication can be scheduled at any of our locations EXCEPT for MINS (Medical Imaging of North Stafford). Patients receiving premedication can be scheduled at any of our locations EXCEPT for MINS (Medical Imaging of North Stafford).Īny patients requiring Benadryl premedication will need to be accompanied by a driver due to the associated drowsiness from this medication. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®): 50 mg by mouth 1 hour before contrast medium.Prednisone: 50 mg by mouth at 13 hours, 7 hours, and 1 hour before contrast media injection and.What is the suggested premedication protocol? Where can these patients be imaged? Call (540) 741-1571 to speak to a radiologist. This includes any reaction that required urgent medical care. Patients with prior anaphylactic reactions to imaging contrast agents (ex: iodinated contrast for CT, gadolinium for MRI) need to be discussed with a radiologist prior to scheduling to determine if an alternative test could be performed.Patients with prior severe life-threatening reaction to ANY substance, other than iodinated contrast, that required hospitalization are recommended to have our standard premedication protocol prior to iodinated IV contrast injection.What about patients with history of anaphylaxis? ![]() Scan location in these instances would depend on the clinical scenario. SEVERE REACTIONS – laryngeal edema, severe shortness of breath, or anaphylactoid response need to be discussed with a radiologist prior to scheduling to determine if an alternative test can answer the clinical question. MILD REACTIONS – hives, nasal congestion, itching, mild shortness of breath can be performed at any facility and require the premedication as described below. These drugs will not prevent or alleviate these symptoms. ![]() Patients who have only had vasovagal reactions, nausea, vomiting, or contrast-induced renal dysfunction do NOT need steroid/antihistamine premedication.
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